Orjner gur Vqrf bs Znepu - Gevcyr Pnrfne Cbfg
Znal bs lbh jub jrer fghpx ernqvat "Gur Gentrql bs Whyvhf Pnrfne" ol Jvyyvnz Funxrfcrner va fpubby jvyy erzrzore gur cuenfr "Orjner gur Vqrf bs Znepu", juvpu vf gur svsgrragu qnl bs Znepu. Fbzr sbyxf bhg gurer jvyy pbzzrzbengr/pryroengr gur qnl ol cbfgvat cvpgherf bs n ohapu bs xavirf fgnoorq guebhtu n Pnrfne fnynq qerffvat obggyr be n objy bs Pnrfne fnynq (nccneragyl Pnrfne fnynq vf anzrq nsgre fbzrbar jvgu gur svefg anzr "Pnrfne", engure guna Whyvhf Pnrfne), be cvpgherf bs n crapvy ubyqre gung ybbxf yvxr n ohfg bs Whyvhf Pnrfne jvgu gur ubyrf sbe gur crapvyf va gur ohfg'f onpx, jurer Whyvhf Pnrfne tbg fgnoorq gb qrngu (gung fragrapr fher ena ba sbe n juvyr).
Lbh zvtug abgvpr gung V'z pbzzrzbengvat gur Vqrf bs Znepu ba gur gjragl-rvtugu bs Znepu vafgrnq bs gur svsgrragu bs Znepu. Lbh nyfb zvtug abgvpr guvf cbfg vf hfvat abg hfvat gur pbeerpg yrggref (ubcrshyyl lbh pna ernq guvf fbzrubj). Jryy, guvf cbfg bs Pnrfnef pbzrf va guerr cnegf!
Gur Guerr Pnrfnef bs Guvf Cbfg
- Pnrfne Pvcure
- Pbzzrzbengvba bs gur Vqrf bs Znepu (gur qnl Whyvhf Pnrfne jnf nffnffvangrq)
- Gur Whyvna Pnyraqne
Pnrfne Pvcure
Vs lbh'er ernqvat guvf abj, lbh nyernql xabj ubj gur Pnrfne Pvcure jbexf. Whyvhf Pnrfne jbhyq jevgr frpergf ol genafcbfvat yrggref sbejneq n pregnva nzbhag bs yrggref, fb vs gur ahzore jnf guerr, gura N -> Q, O -> R, P -> S, ..., K -> N, L -> O, M -> P. Gb qrpelcg gur zrffntr, lbh jbhyq whfg genafpevor gur yrggref onpxjneqf gung fnzr nzbhag bs yrggref, fb N -> K, O -> L, M -> P, Q -> N, R -> O, S -> P. Guvf cbfg vf rapelcgrq hfvat EBG13. Orvat rknpgyl unys bs gur gjragl-fvk pbhag bs gur nycunorg, lbh pna hfr EBG13 gjb gvzrf va n ebj gb trg n zrffntr onpx gb jung vg bevtvanyyl jnf. Gur rapelcgvba naq qrpelcgvba zrgubq vf rknpgyl gur fnzr va EBG13.
Pbafvqrevat yrggref jvyy NYJNLF genafsbez vagb gur fnzr yrggref jvgu gur fnzr xrl (rknzcyr: N jvyy NYJNLF genafsbez gb O jvgu n xrl bs 1) naq gur genafsbezrq yrggref ergnva gur fnzr yrggre serdhrapl nf gur bevtvany yrggre, vg'f gevivny gb qrpelcg zrffntrf gung hfr gur Pnrfne Pvcure. Lbh nyfb bayl arrq gb nggrzcg qrpelcgvat gur zrffntr hc gb 26 gvzrf gb oehgr sbepr gur xrl naq trg gur bevtvany zrffntr. Nyfb orpnhfr rirel yrggre hfrf gur fnzr xrl, ybat zrffntrf ner whfg nf rnfl gb oehgr sbepr gur bevtvany zrffntr nf fubeg zrffntrf ner. QB ABG HFR GUR PNRFNE PVCURE SBE NALGUVAT BGURE GUNA SHA! JR BAYL NPPRCG SHA SBE GUVF PBBY PVCURE!
Pbzzrzbengvba bs gur Vqrf bs Znepu
Gb xrrc guvatf cerggl fubeg, Whyvhf Pnrfne jnf nffnffvangrq ba gur svsgrragu qnl bs Znepu, n qnl xabja nf gur Vqrf bs Znepu. Ur jnf nffnffvangrq ol gur Ebzna Frangr ivn fgnoovat gung qnl va gur lrne 44 OP, fubegyl nsgre tnvavat gur gvgyr "qvpgngbe crecrghn" (qvfpgngbe va crecrghvgl). Juvyr V qba'g xabj ubj zhpu guvf vzcnpgrq gur Frangbef jub nffnffvangrq Pnrfne, Pnrfne nccrnerq nf gubhtu ur jnf syvegvat jvgu gur vqrn bs orvat Xvat (jurgure va anzr nf jryy be va nyy ohg anzr). Whyvhf Pnrfne jnf fgnoorq 23 gvzrf, nygubhtu znal bs gur fgno jbhaqf jrer vasyvpgrq nsgre Pnrfne jnf qrnq, vs abg zbfg bs gur fgno jbhaqf.
Whyvna Pnyraqne
V unir jevggra nobhg gur Whyvna Pnyraqne n srj gvzrf orsber ba zl fvgr. Engure guna arrqvat gb or cerfrag va Ebzr gb fnl vs na gjragl-vfu qnlf arrqrq gb or nqqrq gb gur pnyraqne gb nyvta gur pnyraqne gb gur frnfbaf, Pnrfne raqrq hc univat na nhgbzngrq flfgrz perngrq. Gur pnyraqne jbhyq or yratgurarq sebz 355 qnlf gb 365 qnlf naq vafgrnq bs arrqvat gur rkgen cnegvny zbagu nqqrq (juvpu arrqrq gb or naabhaprq naq jnfa'g frg nf n cnggrea), na rkgen qnl jbhyq or nqqrq gb gur lrne rirel sbhe lrnef. Gung znqr na nirentr lrne 365.25 qnlf ybat. Gung flfgrz nyfb nyybjrq Pnrfne gb abg unir gb or culfvpnyyl ng Ebzr gb naabhapr gur rkgen qnlf gb gur lrne, fb ur pbhyq fcraq uvf gvzr va onggyr yvxr ur jnf qbvat sbe nobhg n qrpnqr orsber.
Gur pnyraqne flfgrz jr hfr abj fyvtugyl zbqvsvrf gur Whyvna Pnyraqne, ol erzbivat guerr yrnc lrnef qhevat 400 lrne crevbqf bs gvzr gb zber pybfryl nyvta gur lrne gb gur frnfbaf. Gung pnyraqne flfgrz vf gur Tertbevna Pnyraqne naq vf pheeragyl guvegrra qnlf nurnq bs gur Whyvna Pnyraqne. Pbafvqrevat Whyvhf Pnrfne vzcyrzragrq gur Whyvna Pnyraqne naq vg jnf gur pnyraqne flfgrz gung jnf va rssrpg ng gur gvzr bs uvf nffnffvangvba, V pbzzrzbengr gur Vqrf bs Znepu ba gur gjragl-rvtug bs Znepu, nf vg jbhyq or gur svsgrragu bs Znepu vs jr jrer fgvyy hfvat gur Whyvna Pnyraqne.
Bu, naq na vagrerfgvat snpg: Qhr gb Rnfgre orvat qrsvarq nf gur svefg Fhaqnl nsgre gur svefg shyy zbba ba be nsgre Znepu gjragl-svefg, naq orpnhfr gur shyy zbba jnf ba Znepu gjragu-sbhegu/svsgu ba gur Tertbevna Pnyraqne, Rnfgre vf na ragver zbba plpyr rneyvre sbe gubfr jub hfr gur Tertbevna Pnyraqne gb qrgrezvar Rnfgre guna vg vf sbe gubfr jub hfr gur Whyvna Pnyraqne gb qrgrezvar Rnfgre. Sbe gubfr jub hfr gur Tertbevna Pnyraqne sbe qrgrezvavat Puevfgvna ubyvqnlf, Rnfgre vf guvf Fhaqnl (Znepu guvegl-svefg) guvf lrne, naq sbe gubfr jub hfr gur Whyvna Pnyraqne sbe qrgrezvavat Puevfgvna ubyvqnlf, Rnfgre vf ba gurve Fhaqnl, Ncevy gjragl-frpbaq, juvpu vf gur Tertbevna Fhaqnl, Znl svsgu.